Final answer:
An infraction in basketball that leads to free throws or an out of bounds being awarded is known as a foul. Free throws are given for shooting fouls or after a team accumulates a certain number of fouls, while out of bounds happens for non-shooting fouls during dead ball situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
An infraction of any rule in basketball for which a free throw or out of bounds may be awarded is typically known as a foul. Fouls can occur in a variety of situations, such as when a player makes illegal contact with an opponent, or violates the rules concerning the handling of the ball. A free throw is awarded if the foul is committed by the defense while the offensive player is in the act of shooting or if the defense has committed a certain number of fouls during the game period. An out of bounds is awarded when the foul does not meet the criteria for free throws, like a technical or personal foul that occurs during a dead ball situation.