Question

A 75 yo patient with a history of emphysema is experiencing difficulty breathing and increased respiratory effort. The patient is drowsy and auscultation reveals bilateral wheezing, although the lung sounds are difficult to appreciate. The respiratory rate (RR) is 38/min and the oxygen saturation (O₂ sat) is 85 _______.

1) Pneumonia
2) Pulmonary embolism
3) Asthma exacerbation
4) Chronic bronchitis

Answer 1

The symptoms and physical examination findings are suggestive of an asthma exacerbation in a patient with emphysema. Key indicators include increased respiratory effort, bilateral wheezing, low oxygen saturation, and a high respiratory rate.

Step-by-step explanation:

The symptoms and physical examination findings described in the question are suggestive of an asthma exacerbation. The patient's history of emphysema and the presence of bilateral wheezing point to the possibility of an exacerbation of their existing chronic lung condition. The drowsiness and difficulty appreciating lung sounds may be due to decreased oxygen saturation.

Asthma exacerbations are characterized by increased respiratory effort, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. The low oxygen saturation and increased respiratory rate further support the diagnosis of an asthma exacerbation.

Keywords: emphysema, difficulty breathing, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, asthma exacerbation, wheezing