Final answer:
To separate mixtures using acid/base, we can add a base to react with the acid and form a soluble salt. The unchanged component can then be separated by filtration or distillation.
Step-by-step explanation:
To separate mixtures using acid/base, we can take advantage of the different solubilities and reaction properties of the components in the mixture.
a. For the mixture of benzoic acid and t-butylbenzene, we can add a base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to react with the benzoic acid, forming a soluble sodium salt. The t-butylbenzene will remain unchanged and can be separated by simple filtration or distillation.
b. For the mixture of triethylamine and p-dichlorobenzene, we can add an acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) to react with the triethylamine, forming a chloride salt. The p-dichlorobenzene will remain unchanged and can be separated by simple filtration or distillation.
c. For the mixture of pyridine and octanoic acid, we can add an acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) to react with the pyridine, forming a chloride salt. The octanoic acid will remain unchanged and can be separated by simple filtration or distillation.