Final answer:
IL-1β production requires two distinct signals for activation, related to inflammation and immune response. Each amino acid is coded by a set of three nucleotides in RNA known as a codon. The specific mRNA sequence provided translates into a peptide that is four amino acids long.
Step-by-step explanation:
The production of IL-1β, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine, requires two distinct signals to initiate. The first signal involves the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which leads to the priming of the inflammasome. The second signal activates the inflammasome, leading to the cleavage of pro-IL-1β into its active form, IL-1β. This is known as the two-signal model for IL-1β production.
In the context of mRNA and protein synthesis, each amino acid in a protein is coded by three nucleotides in an RNA molecule, a unit known as a codon. Since the question asks about IL-1β production and not directly about mRNA translation, this information is just supplementary and confirms that the answer to the question is not 'C. 3' as it relates to the number of nucleotides for amino acids and not for IL-1β production.
Regarding the mRNA sequence provided (5'-AUGGGCUACCGA-3'), it translates to a peptide that is four amino acids long. The start codon (AUG) translates to Methionine, which is followed by three other codons corresponding to different amino acids before reaching a stop codon (not shown in the sequence provided).