Final answer:
Excluding without excluding a person involves creating inclusive environments that take into account diversity in physical and nonphysical qualities and avoiding systemic barriers. Legally, it means adhering to rules like the exclusionary rule to maintain fairness and integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
To exclude without excluding a person refers to situations where inclusion may not involve every individual in a direct or typical manner, but rather ensures that no one is left out due to systemic barriers or biases. This could involve creating environments that are physically accessible to people with disabilities, as demonstrated by the individual who uses a wheelchair with all-terrain wheels and a hydraulic system. Inclusivity takes into account the diversity in physical and nonphysical qualities, such as upbringing and biases. Sociologist William Sumner's concepts of in-group and out-group dynamics can also play a role in how groups unintentionally exclude individuals.
However, exclusion does not necessarily mean omitting individuals; it can also refer to the exclusion of evidence in legal proceedings, as with the exclusionary rule. This rule specifies that evidence obtained without the necessary legal adherence can be excluded, with certain exceptions such as the good faith exception. Similarly, in research, deliberately excluding relevant data from a sample creates bias, so efforts must be made to include all pertinent participants to ensure accurate outcomes and representations.
Exclusion can also manifest in social interactions, where identity markers like race and gender, or language use, can isolate individuals. To avoid this, it is essential to engage with people beyond these surface traits and to recognize their full humanity.