Final answer:
The situation where there are many minority people in prison, considering it as a new color caste in US society, is called a new color caste.
Step-by-step explanation:
The situation where there are many minority people in prison, considering it as a new color caste in US society, is called a new color caste. Sociologist Bruce Western uses this term to describe the racial inequities in the criminal justice system, with African Americans being disproportionately represented in prisons. This phenomenon reflects a system of social inequality based on an individual's circumstances of birth, creating differential and unequal treatment for minority groups.