Final answer:
The left lateral position is the best maternal position for optimum fetal and placental perfusion during pregnancy because it reduces compression on the inferior vena cava, thereby enhancing blood flow to the fetus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The left lateral position is known to provide optimum fetal and placental perfusion during pregnancy. When a pregnant person lies on their left side, the inferior vena cava is less compressed by the uterus, which improves venous return to the heart and enhances blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This can increase the amount of oxygen and nutrients delivered to the fetus, as opposed to being in the supine position, where the weight of the uterus can compress blood vessels, potentially leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply.
Therefore, the correct answer to what maternal position provides optimum fetal and placental perfusion during pregnancy is c) Left lateral position.