Final answer:
Islamic law is based on the Koran, incorporating Islamic tradition and scholarly rulings, differing from Western legal systems like Anglo-Saxon common law or the Roman law.
Step-by-step explanation:
Islamic law is a comprehensive code based in part on the teachings of Muhammad, and is fundamentally derived from the text of the Koran, which is the central religious text for Muslims. Additionally, it includes the Islamic tradition and rulings by legal scholars. Unlike other codes such as the Anglo-Saxon common law or the Roman law and the Napoleonic Code, Islamic law draws a significant amount of its principles directly from religious texts.
This body of law is known as Sharia and it permeates all aspects of a Muslim's life, providing guidelines not only for personal conduct but also for governance and legal matters in states that apply Sharia as the law of the country. During historical periods, such as after the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, small Muslim kingdoms in southern Spain utilized Islamic law to govern their territories.