Final answer:
True, most transportation management systems optimize mode selection by considering various factors such as cost, efficiency, and energy expenditure to identify the most efficient mode of transport. They also take into account economies of scale, with urban transit systems becoming more cost-effective as ridership increases.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, most transportation management systems are designed to optimize mode selection. These systems aim to identify the most efficient and cost-effective way to transport goods, taking into account the trade-offs between different modes of transport such as road, rail, air, and sea. Factors such as economies of scale, efficiency in terms of kilowatt-hours per kilometer, and the total energy expenditure for transportation are critical considerations in optimizing mode selection.
With respect to urban transit systems, they often experience significant economies of scale, particularly those with rail systems. The operation of these systems becomes more cost-effective as the quantity of riders increases. Mass and speed are crucial aspects that affect the energy efficiency of each transportation mode, with container ships and airplanes being among the hardest to propel due to their large mass and the high speeds required, respectively.
Furthermore, variables like vehicle occupancy can change the calculations of energy efficiency, creating a need to distribute energy costs on a per-passenger or per-ton basis and allowing for better comparisons among different modes. However, electric drive poses challenges for various modes of transportation, which are also essential for global supply chains that support the manufacture of consumer goods.