Final answer:
The female patient with a UTI and renal calculi is most likely to have struvite stones, which are formed due to the presence of urease-producing bacteria in the urinary tract.
Step-by-step explanation:
The female patient with a UTI and renal calculi is most likely to have struvite stones. Struvite stones are formed when there are urease-producing bacteria in the urinary tract, such as Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, Serratia, or Providencia species. These bacteria cause the urea in the urine to split into ammonia, which increases the pH of the urine and creates favorable conditions for struvite stone formation. Therefore, the presence of a UTI along with renal calculi suggests struvite stones as the most likely type.