Final answer:
In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, the Supreme Court decided that the president does not have the authority to detain U.S. citizens indefinitely without due process, reinforcing that any person designated as an enemy combatant, including U.S. citizens, has the right to challenge their status before an impartial authority. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Hamdi v. Rumsfeld case, the Supreme Court ruled that the president cannot detain U.S. citizens indefinitely without due process.
Even though the federal government can detain those designated as enemy combatants, including U.S. citizens, it must provide these individuals with their due process rights.
These rights include the opportunity to challenge their enemy combatant status before an impartial authority.
Additionally, the Court ruled that detainees in Guantánamo Bay have the right to challenge their detention using habeas corpus, ultimately ensuring that emergency powers do not override constitutional protections. The correct option is c.