Final answer:
The Valgus test is used to evaluate patients with a suspected medial collateral ligament injury by checking for excessive movement and pain at the injured site. This test differentiates from the Varus test (lateral collateral), McMurray test (meniscal tears), and Lachman test (ACL integrity).
Step-by-step explanation:
To evaluate patients with a suspected medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury, the Valgus stress test is commonly used. This test involves applying an outward pushing force (valgus stress) to the knee while the leg is both straight and slightly bent at 30 degrees. The purpose is to see if the medial collateral ligament is damaged by checking for excessive movement and pain on the inside part of the knee, indicating a potential injury to the MCL.
It's important to note that the Varus test is used for assessing the lateral collateral ligament, the McMurray test is used to identify meniscal tears, and the Lachman test is primarily for evaluating the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
Relevant information to the knee joint structures includes:
- On the lateral side of the knee joint is an intrinsic ligament called the lateral meniscus.
- The posterior cruciate ligament resists hyperextension.
- When the knee is flexed and bearing weight, the anterior cruciate ligament provides stability.
- The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament,
Therefore, to address the initial question, the correct option to evaluate an MCL injury is d. Valgus test.