Final answer:
The welding problem caused by a distorted magnetic field that deflects the welding arc is known as arc blow. It can cause uneven penetration and defects in the welding joint. Techniques to minimize arc blow include changing the current direction or demagnetizing the material.
Step-by-step explanation:
The welding problem that is the result of a distorted magnetic field that deflects the welding arc is known as arc blow. Arc blow occurs during the welding process when the magnetic field surrounding the workpiece is not symmetrical. This asymmetry causes the electric arc to be deflected away from its intended path, which can lead to uneven penetration and defects in the welding joint.
The distortion of the magnetic field can be caused by a number of factors, such as the presence of other magnetic fields, the geometry of the workpiece, or the flow of the welding current itself. To minimize or prevent arc blow, welders can use techniques like changing the direction of the current, designing the workpiece to be less magnetically susceptible, or demagnetizing the material prior to welding.