Final answer:
Wave refraction tends to concentrate wave energy on headlands and disperse energy in bays.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is C) Wave refraction. Wave refraction is the process by which waves change direction as they approach a coastline. When waves encounter headlands, which are areas of land that extend out into the ocean, the wave energy becomes concentrated and focused on these areas, causing erosion. In contrast, in bays, which are indentations or inlets in the coastline, the wave energy is dispersed and spread out, resulting in less erosion.