Final answer:
In voltaic cells, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, from a more negative electrode to a more positive electrode, and from higher to lower potential energy, making all the statements true regarding electron movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement for voltaic cells is that electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, from the more negatively charged electrode to the more positively charged electrode, and from higher potential energy to lower potential energy. Therefore, all of the statements are true regarding the movement of electrons in voltaic cells.
In a voltaic or galvanic cell, the anode is negative because this is where oxidation occurs (loss of electrons) and the anode is the source of electrons for the circuit. These electrons flow through the external circuit to the cathode, which is positive because this is where reduction occurs (gain of electrons). A voltmeter can measure the cell potential of the voltaic cell, which is the difference in electrical potential between the two electrodes.
To maintain charge balance as electrons move from the anode to the cathode, a salt bridge is used, which allows ions to migrate and neutralize the charge buildup that occurs due to the electron flow. The flow of electrons does useful work as they move through the external circuit, similar to how moving water can perform work by turning a waterwheel.