Final answer:
Furosemide, also known as Lasix, is the drug of choice for adequate diuresis of a living donor before, during, and after kidney removal. It works as a loop diuretic, inhibiting reabsorption of ions in the nephron and increasing urine output to protect kidney function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The drug of choice for inducing adequate diuresis in a living kidney donor before, during, and after the removal of the kidney is Furosemide. Furosemide is also known as Lasix and is classified as a loop diuretic. Loop diuretics act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle within the nephron of the kidney, where they inhibit the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. This action increases the urine output, which helps maintain sufficient urine flow during the transplant procedure and can aid in preventing damage to the remaining kidney.
Metoprolol, on the other hand, is a beta-blocker used primarily for treating high blood pressure and heart-related conditions. Insulin is a hormone used for glucose regulation, particularly in diabetes management. Nitroglycerin is used to treat angina or chest pain. None of these drugs specifically induce diuresis to the extent necessary for a kidney procedure like furosemide does.