Question

Early views of management were heavily oriented toward efficiency, at the expense of attention to the manager-as-leader.

a) True
b) False

Answer 1

Early views of management were indeed heavily oriented toward efficiency, sometimes at the expense of attention to the manager-as-leader.

Step-by-step explanation:

The statement is True.

Early views of management were indeed heavily oriented toward efficiency, sometimes at the expense of attention to the manager-as-leader. This can be seen in the development of scientific management, which aimed to improve the efficiency of organizations through scientific study of operations and placing experts in charge of management. Leaders like Frederick W. Taylor emphasized the importance of increasing industrial efficiency and productivity, often at the cost of worker autonomy and authority.