Question

JIT manufacturing emphasises

a. continuous improvement.
b. elimination of waste.
c. reduction of work-in-process inventories.
d. all of these.

Answer 1

JIT manufacturing is a production strategy that focuses on eliminating waste, reducing inventories, and continuous improvement. It was adopted by American manufacturers in the 1980s, leading to increased efficiency but also affecting union labor as companies began outsourcing.

Step-by-step explanation:

JIT manufacturing, or just-in-time manufacturing, is a strategy that emphasizes the elimination of waste, the reduction of work-in-process inventories, and continuous improvement in the production process. Inspired by Japanese manufacturing techniques, it was adopted by American car manufacturers in the 1980s as a way to streamline operations and reduce costs.

In contrast to previous methods such as those used by Ford's River Rouge factory, JIT requires parts to be delivered as they are needed in the production process, thus reducing the need for large warehousing spaces and avoiding the accumulation of excess inventory. Quality control is also improved, as any issues with parts are identified immediately, and the supply chain becomes more responsive. However, just-in-time production has also led to a decrease in union worker jobs as companies outsource to non-union plants or international transactions to reduce labor costs.

Answer 2

JIT manufacturing stresses continuous improvement, waste elimination, and decreasing work-in-process inventory, aiming to increase production efficiency and reduce costs. The correct answer is option d: all of these.

Step-by-step explanation:

JIT manufacturing, or Just-in-Time production, is a strategy that emphasizes operational efficiency and the reduction of waste.

It encompasses several core principles, including:

• Continuous improvement in processes and procedures to eliminate inefficiencies.
  
• Elimination of waste, by minimizing resources used and reducing unnecessary inventory and overproduction.
  
• Reduction of work-in-process inventories, where supplies and components are delivered right when they are needed, eliminating the need for large storage spaces and reducing holding costs.
  

Introduced in Japan and widely adopted in the automotive industry in the 1980s, JIT manufacturing has led to significant shifts in supply chain management and localized impacts on labor practices.