Final answer:
Mainstream credit card issuers adhere to usury laws with an upper limit on interest rates and often choose to operate in lender-friendly states, but they do not typically charge rates exceeding 50% due to legal limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common tactics that mainstream credit card issuers have adopted include including choice of law provisions in their contracts, requiring borrowers to sign contracts stating that the laws of a lender-friendly state will apply (often making some aspect of the agreement relate to states like Delaware, Utah, or South Dakota), and operating within the constraints of usury laws that impose upper limits on interest rates. However, the statement that mainstream credit card issuers charge rates exceeding 50% for high-risk debtors is not accurate. Usury laws generally impose an upper limit on interest rates that can be charged, which in some places is set above the market rate, making it nonbinding unless market rates exceed that ceiling.
The correct answer is c) making some aspect of the agreement relate to Utah. Mainstream credit card issuers commonly include choice of law provisions in their contracts, requiring borrowers to sign contracts that say the laws of a lender-friendly state will be applied, and charging rates exceeding 50% for high-risk debtors. However, making some aspect of the agreement relate to Utah is not a common tactic adopted by mainstream credit card issuers.