Final answer:
A matrix organization combines project management and functional organizational structures, where employees report to both project and functional managers, enhancing coordination and maintaining specialization.
Step-by-step explanation:
A matrix organization is a type of organizational structure that combines characteristics of both project and functional organizations. It is designed to facilitate the dynamic assignment of employees to projects while maintaining their functional roles within the business. Employees in a matrix organization report to both project managers for their project roles and to functional managers for their disciplinary roles.
In the context of the options provided, the correct combination that constitutes a matrix organization is project and functional organizations, which corresponds to option c. This structure allows for better coordination on projects without losing the expertise and efficiencies gained from functional specialization.