Final answer:
Phytochemicals are responsible for various sensory qualities in plants, such as the color of blueberries and the taste of garlic, and are believed to have health benefits for humans.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemicals in plants that have a variety of functions, including protecting plants from pests and diseases. Examples of sensory qualities imparted by phytochemicals include the deep blue of blueberries due to anthocyanins, the sharp taste of garlic attributed to sulfur-containing compounds, and the vibrant color of spices like turmeric, which contains curcumin. Glucosinolates in mustard and wasabi provide a "hot" taste, triggered when cells are damaged and the enzyme myrosinase reacts with glucosinolates. Moreover, the interaction between taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction) significantly contributes to our perception of food flavors.
Not only do these compounds serve as defense mechanisms in plants, but preliminary evidence also suggests they have health benefits for humans, acting as antioxidants to counteract cancer-causing free radicals. As research continues, the list of beneficial phytochemicals is expected to grow, leading to a better understanding of their potential role as nutrients.