Final answer:
Fragments containing lipid A, released into circulation following bacterial cell lysis by the immune system, can cause an excessive inflammatory response leading to septic shock.
Step-by-step explanation:
Upon bacterial cell lysis by the immune system, fragments containing lipid A are released into circulation, causing an excessive inflammatory response. This lipid A component is a part of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is known as an endotoxin. When in moderate concentrations, it can be beneficial for defense against infection, but at high levels, it triggers a potentially fatal condition known as septic shock. Septic shock includes symptoms such as severe drop in blood pressure, intravascular clotting, and multi-organ failure, ultimately leading to death. The inflammatory response prompted by lipid A involves the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can have catastrophic effects if overproduced, such as in the case of septicemia.