Final answer:
The cerebrum is divided into the left and right hemispheres, with four main lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) that have specific functions such as reasoning, sensory processing, and visual and auditory perception. Brain waves, detected by EEG, indicate various brain activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Major Anatomical Subdivisions and Functions of the Cerebrum
The major anatomical subdivisions of the cerebrum include the left and right hemispheres, which are separated by the longitudinal fissure. Functionally, the cerebrum features four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving. The parietal lobe is involved with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing, and the temporal lobe concerns itself with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.
The brainstem acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
Lastly, brain waves, observed in an electroencephalogram (EEG), reflect different types of brain activities. They are categorized as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Theta waves, where each type of wave is associated with a different kind of brain function, such as active concentration, relaxation, deep sleep, and light meditation or drowsiness respectively.