Final answer:
Exercise increases heart rate, cardiac output, and strengthens the heart, resulting in a more efficient cardiovascular system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exercise has several effects on pulse:
- Exercise increases heart rate, allowing the heart to pump more blood to the working muscles.
- Exercise improves cardiac output, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps in a minute.
- Exercise strengthens the heart, making it more efficient at pumping blood, resulting in a lower resting heart rate.
These effects occur because exercise increases the demand for oxygen and nutrients in the muscles, and the body adapts by increasing blood flow and cardiac output.