Final answer:
The correct answer is a wrap-around artifact, which occurs when the field of view is smaller than the body part being imaged, causing regions beyond to appear on the opposite side of the image.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon described in the question occurs when the field of view (FOV) is smaller than the body part being imaged, which causes the region beyond to project on the opposite side of the image. This is known as a wrap-around artifact. It is typically caused by underdamping in the phase oroccasionally the frequency direction. This is not to be confused with aberration or distortion in an image due to optical imperfections. Wrap-around artifacts are specific to imaging scenarios, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where parts of the subject extend beyond the edges of the capture field and are therefore wrapped to the opposite side of the image.