Final answer:
The last to be explored among the Himalayas, the moon, or Australia was the moon, with physical exploration occurring through the Apollo 11 mission in 1969 and subsequent missions like the Japanese Selene and Chinese Chang'e 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question which asks about the last of the three options - Himalayas, the moon, or Australia - to be explored is focused on historical exploration timelines. For clarity, the Himalayas have been known to the nearby civilizations for many centuries, with recorded knowledge and exploration attempts. Australia was charted by European explorers starting with the Dutch in the early 17th century and later by the British when Captain James Cook mapped the East Coast in 1770. The Moon, while observed and studied for millennia, was physically explored much later when humans first landed on its surface with the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Moreover, additional exploration took place with the Japanese Selene and Chinese Chang'e 1 missions highlighted in Michael Bakich's article, 'Asia's New Assault on the Moon,' published in 2009. Therefore, the correct answer is B) The Moon.