Final answer:
Genetic research has identified a relation between genes like MAOA and aggressive behavior, but environmental influences and socio-economic factors play a more substantial role in determining who commits crimes. Epigenetics also implies that environment can alter gene expression and influence behavior. Therefore, while genetics can provide insights, they are not sole predictors of criminal behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic research has shed light on the complex interplay between genetics and behavior. One focus area is the MAOA gene variant, which has been linked to aggressive behavior. However, while this gene might influence a tendency for violence, the role of environmental factors plays a crucial part in behavior development. Studies have highlighted that when individuals from high-delinquency neighborhoods moved to more stable areas, crime rates declined, indicating the significance of social environment on behavior. Furthermore, epigenetic changes show that genetic expression can be altered by environmental factors, such as trauma or exposure to substances, which subsequently can influence behavior. Therefore, while genetic predispositions may exist, they require environmental triggers to manifest in behaviors such as criminal activity.
Socio-economic factors also significantly contribute to crime. Limited opportunity due to poverty, unemployment, and poor education can lower the opportunity cost of crime, leading to higher crime rates. Economists and psychologists alike recognize the need to address these social determinants to prevent crime effectively. Meanwhile, researchers continue to explore the genetic factors contributing to behaviors and disorders to gain a more comprehensive understanding of crime causation.