Final answer:
The 2nd pharyngeal arch gives rise to structures including the hyoid bone, muscles of facial expression, stapes bone of the ear, styloid process, and parts of the suprahyoid muscles, playing a vital role in swallowing, speech, and facial movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Structures derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch play a significant role in human development. One of the key features that evolve from this arch includes the hyoid bone, which serves as an attachment site for muscles of the tongue and is an integral part of the throat structure, supporting the tongue and serving as an anchor for muscles associated with swallowing and speech sounds. Additionally, associated muscles, including those in the facial expression, stapes bone in the middle ear, styloid process, and parts of the suprahyoid muscles also develop from the second pharyngeal arch. These structures are important in various functions such as the movement of the facial expressions, hearing, and aid in the swallowing mechanism.