Final answer:
The short-term memory model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin is limited in its linear and simplistic representation. Baddeley's working memory model addresses these limitations by introducing multiple subsystems and a central executive. This model has been supported by neuropsychological evidence and brain imaging studies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The limitations of Atkinson and Shiffrin's short-term memory (STM) model primarily reside in its simplistic view of memory as a linear process. It portrays STM as a single storage system with limited capacity, often referenced by Miller's famed 'magic number seven, plus or minus two' for the number of items STM can hold. However, this model does not consider the complexity of different types of information processed.
Alan Baddeley's revised model, known as the working memory model, expands upon this by proposing that STM is comprised of multiple subsystems. These include the phonological loop for verbal and auditory information, the visuospatial sketchpad for visual and spatial information, and the episodic buffer which integrates information from the previous two components, as well as long-term memory. Central executive functions as an overseer, coordinating these components and transferring data to long-term storage.
Support for Baddeley's model comes from experiments showing different types of information can be processed simultaneously without interference, suggesting independent subsystems at work. Furthermore, neuropsychological studies of individuals with brain damage and the use of brain imaging techniques have provided further evidence of the anatomical and functional separation between these subsystems, thereby endorsing the plausibility of Baddeley's working memory model.