Final answer:
The correct answer is d. i and ii only.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formation of the national identity of Spain is connected to both the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella (choice i) and the fight to win the Iberian Peninsula for Christianity (choice ii).
In 1469, Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile, uniting two powerful kingdoms on the Iberian Peninsula and laying the foundation for modern Spain. This marriage allowed Spain to become recognizable as a nation.
In addition, Ferdinand and Isabella were arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam. They were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada and completed the Reconquista in 1492, which was a centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. This victory marked another step in the process of making Spain an imperial power and solidified its Christian identity.