Final answer:
To determine if the curved arrows in Figure 9.15 violate Kirchhoff's rules, apply the junction and loop rules and analyze each arrow.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to determine whether each curved arrow in Figure 9.15 violates either of Kirchhoff's rules, we need to apply the rules and analyze the arrows.
Kirchhoff's first rule, known as the junction rule, states that the sum of the currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the junction. We must label the currents in each branch and determine their directions. If the direction is incorrect, the current will still be of the correct magnitude but negative.
Kirchhoff's second rule, known as the loop rule, states that the sum of the potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. We must identify closed loops and decide on the direction to go around them, either clockwise or counterclockwise. Going in the opposite direction reverses the sign of each term in the equation.
By applying these rules and analyzing each curved arrow in Figure 9.15, we can determine if any violations occur.