Final answer:
Carrier proteins are specific to the molecules they transport, and this specificity is determined by the chemical structure of the molecules. While molecular size and electrical charge can influence transport, they are not the primary factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The molecules that move through specific carrier proteins are primarily determined by their chemical structure. Each carrier protein is specific to the molecule it transports; it binds to the molecule due to its unique structure, leading to a change in the carrier protein's shape and the subsequent transport of the molecule across the membrane.
It's important to note that the electrical charge and molecular size can also play roles in the selectivity of carrier proteins, and while temperature can affect overall molecular movement, it is not the primary determinant for the specificity of carrier protein transport. This specificity is crucial for the body's ability to regulate the transport of substances efficiently.
In general, the molecules that move through specific carrier proteins are determined by chemical structure.
Carrier proteins bind with specific ions or molecules, and in doing so, they change shape. As carrier proteins change shape, they carry the ions or molecules across the membrane.