Final answer:
The author refers to this as the "difference principle". According to Rawls, the difference principle states that any social and economic inequalities must satisfy two conditions: (1) they must be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of "fair equality of opportunity," and (2) they must be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The author of A Theory of Justice argues that society, including our system of justice, should be organized "to give more equal wealth and opportunity to the most disadvantaged". The author refers to this as the "difference principle". According to Rawls, the difference principle states that any social and economic inequalities must satisfy two conditions: (1) they must be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of "fair equality of opportunity," and (2) they must be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.