Final answer:
Loop diuretics manage hypertension by inhibiting reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the loop of Henle, leading to increased urination and reduced blood volume. When there is diuretic resistance, other treatment approaches must be explored.
Step-by-step explanation:
Loop diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are commonly prescribed to manage hypertension by promoting the excretion of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions, which are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle of the nephrons in the kidneys. When this reabsorption is inhibited, more sodium and chloride remain in the nephron to be excreted as urine, which in turn increases urine volume (diuresis).
As a result of the increased excretion of these ions, water follows due to osmosis. This leads to reduced blood volume, which can lower blood pressure. However, when patients show resistance to diuretics, other medical strategies must be considered, such as adjusting the dosage, combining diuretics, or exploring alternative treatments for underlying health conditions.