Question

Pick the correct pharmacological effect(s) of direct-acting cholinergic drugs.

A. respiratory paralysis
B. urinary retention
C. increased heart rate
D. bronchodilation
E. none of these

Answer 1

Direct-acting cholinergic drugs can cause respiratory paralysis and urinary retention, but they do not directly increase heart rate or cause bronchodilation. The correct option is E, none of these.

Step-by-step explanation:

Pharmacological Effects of Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs:

• Respiratory paralysis: Direct-acting cholinergic drugs can cause respiratory paralysis by stimulating excessive cholinergic activity at the neuromuscular junction in the respiratory muscles.
• Urinary retention: Some direct-acting cholinergic drugs can cause urinary retention by stimulating excessive cholinergic activity in the bladder, leading to increased tone and decreased bladder emptying.
• Increased heart rate: Direct-acting cholinergic drugs generally do not increase heart rate, as cholinergic activity typically slows heart rate. This effect is more common with indirect-acting cholinergic drugs.
• Bronchodilation: Direct-acting cholinergic drugs can cause bronchoconstriction, not bronchodilation, as cholinergic activity in the airways leads to smooth muscle contraction.
• None of these: The correct option is E, as none of the options listed represent the pharmacological effects of direct-acting cholinergic drugs.