Final answer:
The nonhemorrhagic cause of hypovolemic shock among the provided options is diarrhea (D). Diarrhea can lead to significant fluid losses, causing a decrease in blood volume that results in hypovolemic shock, which is characterized by symptoms like rapid heart rate, weak pulse, and hypothermia, and is treated with intravenous fluids and medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypovolemic shock is a type of circulatory shock that is caused by an excessive loss of blood volume. This can occur due to hemorrhage or nonhemorrhagic causes such as dehydration, severe burns, or fluid losses from severe vomiting or diarrhea. Out of the options provided: multi-system trauma (A), internal bleeding (B), and arterial laceration (C) are all hemorrhagic causes of hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the nonhemorrhagic cause of hypovolemic shock from the given options is diarrhea (D). This is because diarrhea can lead to a significant loss of fluids, which in turn can cause the blood volume to decrease and result in hypovolemic shock.
Hypovolemic shock can lead to hypoxia, where there is a lack of oxygen supply to the tissues. Patients may present with symptoms such as a rapid heart rate, weak pulse, cool and clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, hypothermia, thirst, and dry mouth. Treatment generally includes intravenous fluids and drugs that raise blood pressure, such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It's crucial to address the underlying cause to properly manage the condition and prevent further complications.