Final answer:
A child with hematuria following a sore throat or skin infection may have post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Confirmatory tests include a urinalysis, blood tests for streptococcal antibodies, and electron microscopy showing subepithelial deposits.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a child presents with hematuria 1-2 weeks after experiencing symptoms of sore throat or skin infection, the diagnosis might likely be post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). This condition is usually a result of the body's immune response to a group A streptococcal infection. The best diagnostic test to confirm PSGN would generally include a urinalysis showing hematuria and proteinuria, as well as blood tests to evaluate kidney function and to detect the presence of antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibodies, DNase B antibodies, or other streptococcal antibodies.
The electron microscopy (EM) results in cases of PSGN typically reveal glomerular subepithelial deposits, which are characteristic of the disease. These deposits are located between the inner layer of the Bowman's capsule and the glomerular endothelial cells. Further testing to evaluate renal function and possible autoimmune responses may also be advised depending on the patient's symptoms and clinical history.