Final answer:
During prometaphase, sister chromatids are attached to kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles, preparing them for segregation in mitosis. In anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart as they move toward opposite poles leading to cell elongation.
Step-by-step explanation:
During prometaphase, pairs of sister chromatids become attached to kinetochore microtubules which emanate from opposite poles of the cell. This is a critical process in cell division where the chromosomes prepare for segregation into the two new daughter cells. The phases, such as prometaphase and anaphase, are part of the larger process known as mitosis.
In anaphase, cohesin proteins degrade, allowing the sister chromatids to separate at the centromere. Each chromatid, now considered an individual chromosome, is rapidly pulled toward the centrosome to which its respective microtubule is attached. This results in the cell elongating as the non-kinetochore microtubules slide against each other at the metaphase plate.
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated at the centromere and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. In this phase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochore, which is a protein complex at the centromere region of the sister chromatids, play a crucial role in this process. The microtubules emanate from opposite poles of the cell and attach to the kinetochore of each sister chromatid. As the microtubules shorten, they pull the sister chromatids apart, towards the opposite poles of the cell.