Final answer:
The student's cells are undergoing a tanning response and apoptosis due to the DNA damage caused by UV-B radiation. This is a protective mechanism against mutations and potential cancer development, but indicates that skin cells have already incurred damage. To prevent further damage and risk of skin cancer, protective measures like sunscreen and clothing are necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process occurring within the student's cells after exposure to UV light is a cellular defense mechanism known as the tanning response. When the student's skin is subjected to UV radiation, especially UV-B, it can lead to damage to the DNA, causing mutations that potentially result in cancerous cells. In response to this DNA damage, and when the p53 gene is functional, cells may undergo apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, to prevent these damaged cells from becoming cancerous. This damage and subsequent peeling off of skin cells is the body's way to eliminate cells that might otherwise form tumors. Human skin contains natural pigment molecules that help protect against UV damage, but excessive exposure overwhelms these defenses, leading to the types of skin damage associated with both immediate effects like sunburn and long-term consequences such as skin cancer. While the student's skin is trying to protect itself through the production of additional pigments and apoptosis, these are signs of cellular distress and potential harm. It is vital to use sunscreen with a high SPF, wear protective clothing, and limit exposure to direct sunlight to minimize the risk of skin damage and the potential development of skin cancer.