Final answer:
The latissimus dorsi muscle is responsible for shoulder extension, adduction, and medial rotation, actively engaged in activities such as rowing or pull-ups.
Step-by-step explanation:
The latissimus dorsi muscle, a broad, triangular axial muscle located on the inferior part of the back, is primarily responsible for movements that include shoulder extension, adduction, and medial rotation. During physical activities such as pulling on a rowing machine or performing pull-ups, the latissimus dorsi is actively engaged. Additionally, this muscle is involved when an individual moves their elbow back as if elbowing someone standing behind them, as it works to bring the arm down towards the body after it has been lifted.