Final answer:
While no philosopher specifically argued for a 'moral thermometer', this concept aligns with discussions on utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham and the nature of morality by David Hume and G.E.M. Anscombe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of a moral thermometer, representing a measure or standard for moral sentiments, has been part of various philosophical dialogues. While not attributed to any philosopher who argued for a literal 'moral thermometer', this metaphor may resonate with Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism, which assesses actions by their outcomes for the greatest good. Additionally, philosophical inquiries by David Hume and G.E.M. Anscombe tackle the justification and grounding of moral 'oughts', with Hume arguing that morality emanates from sentiments rather than facts, and Anscombe criticizing modern moral philosophies like utilitarianism and Kantian ethics for lacking a firm foundation without a divine legislator.