Final answer:
Emile Durkheim was a pioneer in the field of sociology, focusing on social phenomena through a functionalist perspective, distinctly different from ethnology, psychology, and archaeology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Émile Durkheim was an important figure in an -ology that is closely related to cultural anthropology, known as sociology. Durkheim was a pioneer of the sociological perspective and is best known for his functionalist approach to social sciences. He sought to explain social phenomena in terms of the collective conscience and how various parts of society contribute to its stability and functionality. His work on the sociology of religion, in particular, aimed to understand the societal impact of religious practices and how they contribute to social cohesion and control. This is distinctly different from ethnology, psychology, and archaeology, which focus on cultural diversity and human behavior, the study of the mind and behavior, and the study of human history through material remains, respectively.