Final answer:
The probability that the sum of the numbers rolled is either 3 or 8 when two dice are rolled is 7/36, which is approximately 0.1944 when rounded to four decimal places.
Step-by-step explanation:
The probability of rolling either a sum of 3 or 8 with two dice is calculated by first determining all the combinations that result in a sum of 3 or 8.
For a sum of 3, we have (1,2) and (2,1), yielding 2 combinations.
For a sum of 8, the combinations are (2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), and (6,2), resulting in 5 combinations.
Since there are a total of 6 x 6 = 36 possible outcomes when rolling two dice, the probability is the number of successful outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes.
Thus, the probability P(sum of 3 or 8) = (2+5)/36
= 7/36.
To comply with our rounding rule, we convert it to a decimal, which yields 0.1944 (rounded to four decimal places).