Final answer:
An 81-year-old female is undergoing a diagnostic colonoscopy for a history of colon cancer, Crohn's disease, blood in stool, and abdominal pain. The colonoscopy is both diagnostic and therapeutic, allowing for the detection and removal of precancerous polyps.
Step-by-step explanation:
An 81-year-old female undergoes a diagnostic colonoscopy through a stoma for a history of colon cancer, Crohn's disease, blood in stool, and abdominal pain. Colorectal cancer may present with symptoms such as constipation or diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. The colonoscopy is both diagnostic and therapeutic, as it allows for the identification and removal of precancerous polyps before they become malignant. Screening for fecal occult blood and colonoscopy is recommended for individuals over 50 years of age.