Final answer:
Monosaccharides include glucose and fructose (option b), which are simple sugars crucial for energy in living organisms. Starch and glycogen are complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides, not monosaccharides.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monosaccharides include b) glucose and fructose. These are simple sugars with the general formula C6H12O6. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis and is used by the cells of most organisms for energy. Fructose is commonly found in fruits. Starch and glycogen, mentioned in the other options, are complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides, which consist of numerous glucose units. Starch is a plant energy storage molecule, and glycogen, often referred to as animal starch, serves a similar role in animals. Fiber, commonly cellulose, is another polysaccharide essential as a structural component in plant cell walls.
To clarify further, based on another part of the information provided, cellulose and starch are examples of polysaccharides (answer d. polysaccharides), which are long chains of monosaccharides like glucose.