Final answer:
Imperialism in the 19th century was fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution, with countries like Britain, France, and Germany seeking new markets and resources. New technologies such as steamships, telegraphs, and advanced weapons allowed these imperial powers to extend their control globally. The motivations behind imperialism were political, cultural, and economic, leading to vast empire building and competition among nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is Imperialism?
Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control. During the 19th century, imperialism was driven by the Second Industrial Revolution, with industrialized nations such as Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and the United States seeking new markets and sources of raw materials for their burgeoning industries.
Effects of Imperialism
Imperialism affected countries like China through the creation of spheres of influence by Western powers, and the establishment of settlements and colonies in places like Africa and the Pacific by European countries. For Great Britain, imperialism allowed for the expansion of their global influence and access to resources, although it also led to rising tensions and competition with other imperialist powers such as Germany and France.
Motivations Behind Imperialism
The motives for imperialism were multifaceted, including political, cultural, and economic factors. European nations desired cheap raw materials, new markets for goods, and strategic military and naval bases. The advent of new technologies, capitalism, and industrialization created a synergy that facilitated and amplified imperialistic endeavors.
Technological Advancements
Three main technological advancements that helped further imperialism were steam-powered ships, telecommunication innovations like the telegraph, and advanced weaponry such as the Maxim gun. These technologies made it possible for imperialist countries to project their power over great distances, control territory effectively, and maintain global empires.