Final answer:
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society was a set of initiatives aimed at eradicating poverty and racial injustice, and included Medicare, educational aid, and urban development programs. It was a broad and ambitious set of federal programs attempting significant social change.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Great Society program was introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a major initiative to reduce poverty, advance civil rights, improve education, and rebuild deteriorating urban areas. Central to the Great Society were pieces of legislation like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which created the Job Corps and Neighborhood Youth Corps, aimed at ending poverty. Johnson's war on poverty included the establishment of Medicare, increased federal aid for education, promotion of the arts and humanities, and support for public broadcasting.
Some of Johnson's Great Society programs specifically assisted vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and the impoverished. Medicare provided national insurance for the elderly, while the Housing and Urban Development Act and Model Cities program sought to improve urban housing and subsidize rents for the poor. This body of programs represented an ambitious federal effort to address social issues through government intervention, prompting significant social changes in America.