Final answer:
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms such as inattention and impulsivity, and is often treated with behavioral therapies and stimulant medications. It has a genetic component and can be associated with other conditions like depression or OCD.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 3-5% of children and adults. Characteristic symptoms include inattention, difficulties with executive functioning, impulsivity, and hyperactivity which surpass the norm for the developmental stage. Some individuals exhibit inattention without hyperactivity, classified under the subtype known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). ADHD also shows a notable rate of comorbidity, often accompanied by conditions such as depression or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
Research indicates a strong genetic link in ADHD, as well as potential contributing environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides. While the exact cause remains elusive, delays in the development of the prefrontal cortex and neurotransmission disturbances are considered significant factors. Treatment methods typically include behavioral therapies and stimulant medications, which, paradoxically, have a calming effect on individuals with ADHD.