Final answer:
The information-carrying capacity of a transmission medium such as a fiber optics cable is called bandwidth. Bandwidth is determined by the range of frequencies that can be transmitted, with higher frequencies allowing for more data to be communicated. Laser telephone transmission has the capability for more data due to its higher frequency, contrasting with ELF communication used with submarines which has lower bandwidth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the information-carrying capacity of a transmission medium like a fiber optics cable is bandwidth. Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that a transmission medium can handle effectively. Higher bandwidth allows for more data to be transmitted in a given amount of time, leading to faster communication channels. For example, laser telephone transmission at visible frequencies can carry more conversations per optical fiber than conventional electronic transmission because of its higher frequency, which means a higher bandwidth capacity.
Regarding Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) radio communication with submarines, the limitation is the consequence of the much lower frequency used, which equates to a lower bandwidth, and therefore a lower data transmission rate. However, ELF radio waves can penetrate the deep sea, which is why they're used for underwater communication despite the limited bandwidth.