Final answer:
Permanent hair coloring is the method that lightens natural pigment and deposits artificial pigment in one process. It chemically alters the hair's structure, replacing natural color with artificial dye. This process is permanent and lasts until the hair grows out or is cut.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of hair colors that are capable of lightening natural pigment and depositing artificial pigment in one process is called permanent hair coloring. This process involves a chemical change that removes the natural color of the hair and replaces it with a new artificial color. Permanent hair coloring is different from semi-permanent coloring, which does not lighten the hair and only deposits color. The process uses key ingredients, such as a developer or oxidant, to open up the hair cuticle and remove the natural pigment, followed by depositing the new color.
During permanent hair coloring, an oxidation reaction transforms the melanin in the hair, leading to a permanent change. This process not only changes the external color but the internal structure of the hair as well, which is why the color change is permanent and lasts until the hair grows out or is cut.
Furthermore, natural hair color changes with the different types of melanin: eumelanin for darker hair and pheomelanin for lighter hair. As people age, melanin production can decrease, leading to gray or white hair. Permanent hair dyes are particularly effective at covering gray hair because they can replace the lost melanin with synthetic pigments.